A. Direct Speech
Direct Speech (kalimat langsung) adalah kutipan asli suatu pembiacaraan tanpa adanya suatu perubahan.
· Ciri-ciri penulisan direct speech:
- Direct Speech selalu diapit oleh tanda kutip dan kalimat selalu
diawali huruf kapital.
diawali huruf kapital.
- Tanda titik dua ( : ) atau koma ( , ) diletakkan sebelum
Direct Speech jika kata penghubung/pelapor (reporting verb)-nya
berada di depan.
Direct Speech jika kata penghubung/pelapor (reporting verb)-nya
berada di depan.
- Tanda koma ( , ) harus diletakan setelah Direct Speech jika kata
penghubung diletakan setelah Direct Speech-nya.
penghubung diletakan setelah Direct Speech-nya.
- Tanda baca seperti tanda seru ( ! ), tanda tanya ( ? ) yang
menunjukan jenis kalimat tidak mengalami perubahan.
menunjukan jenis kalimat tidak mengalami perubahan.
· Contoh:
- She screamed: “Don’t open the door!”
- My mother says to my sister, “Clean your bedroom now!”
- “What are you doing?” she asked me.
· Keterangan:
- She screamed, My mother says to my sister, dan She asked me
adalah kata penghubung/pelapor (reporting verb).
adalah kata penghubung/pelapor (reporting verb).
- “Don’t open the door”, “Clean your bedroom!”, dan “What are you
doing” adalah kalimat langsung (Direct Speech)
doing” adalah kalimat langsung (Direct Speech)
B. Indirect Speech
Indirect Speech (kalimat tak langsung) adalah bentuk kalimat yang digunakan untuk menceritakan kembali pembicaraan/pendapat seseorang. Untuk mengubah kalimat langsung (Direct Speech) menjadi kalimat tak langsung (Indirect Speech) harus menyesuaikan jenis kalimat.
1. Kalimat Perintah (Imperative Sentence)
Contoh:
- Direct Speech : She told me, “Clean the room!”
Indirect Speech : She told me to clean the room.
- Direct Speech : My father asks me, “Don’t make so much noise!”
Indirect Speech : My father asks me not to make so much noise.
2. Kalimat Berita (Declarative Sentence)
Contoh:
- Direct Speech : She told me, “I am fine.”
Indirect Speech : She told me that she was fine.
- Direct Speech : He says, “My computer cannot work well.”
Indirect Speech : He says that his computer cannot work well.
3. Kalimat Tanya (Interrogative Sentence)
a. Yes / No Question (Kalimat tanya yang membutuhkan jawaban Yes atau No.)
- Direct Speech : She asked me, “Are you sure?”
Indirect Speech : She asked me if I was sure.
She asked me whether I was sure.
- Direct Speech : My mother says, “Do you know my purse?”
Indirect Speech : My mother says if I know her purse.
My mother says whether I know her purse.
b. WH – Question (Kalimat tanya yang membutuhkan jawaban berupa keterangan.)
- Direct Speech : Yenny asked me, “Where do you save your money?”
Indirect Speech : Yenny asked me where I saved my money.
- Direct Speech : Arman asks me, what time do you sleep every day?
Indirect Speech : Arman asks me what time I sleep every day?
C. Perubahan-perubahan Penting
Ketika merubah kalimat langsung (Direct Speech) menjadi kalimat tak langsung (Indirect Speech) ada perubahan-perubahan penting yang harus diingat, antara lain:
1. Pronoun (Kata Ganti)
Kalimat Langsung (Direct Speech) Kalimat Tak Langsung (Indirect Speech)
I He / She
You Me / He / She / them /
I / him / her
I / him / her
My His / Her
Our Their / Our
Your My / His / Her
2. Adverb of Time and Place (Keterangan Waktu dan Tempat)
Kalimat Langsung (Direct Speech) Kalimat Tak Langsung (Indirect Speech)
Now Then
Today That day
Tomorrow The next day
The day after
The following day
Next . . . The . . . after
The following . . .
The . . . before
Last . . . The . . . before
The previous . . .
The preceding . . .
... ago before . . .
earlier . . .
Yesterday The day before
The previous day
The preceding day
The day before yesterday Two days before
Here There
This That
These Those
3. Tense
Kalimat Langsung (Direct Speech) Kalimat Tak Langsung (Indirect Speech)
Present Tense (Verb Present) Past Tense (Verb 2)
Present Continuous Past Continuous
(is/am/are + V.ing) (was/were + V. Ing)
(is/am/are + V.ing) (was/were + V. Ing)
Present Perfect (have/has + V.3) Past Perfect (had + V.3)
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
(have/has + been + V. Ing) (had + been + V. Ing)
(have/has + been + V. Ing) (had + been + V. Ing)
Present Future (will + V. 1) Past Future (would + V. 2)
Present Future Continuous Past Future Continuous
(will + be + V. Ing) (would + be + V. Ing)
(will + be + V. Ing) (would + be + V. Ing)
Present Future Perfect Past Future Perfect
(will + have + V. 3) (would + have + V. 3)
Present Future Perfect Continuous past Future Perfect Continuous
(will + have + V. 3) (would + have + V. 3)
Present Future Perfect Continuous past Future Perfect Continuous
(will + have + been + V. Ing) (would + have + been + V. Ing)
Past Tense (Verb 2) Past Perfect (had + V. 3)
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
(was/were + V. Ing) (had + been + V. Ing)
(was/were + V. Ing) (had + been + V. Ing)
Past Perfect (had + V. 3) Past Perfect (had + V. 3)
Source http://english2bshared.blogspot.com/
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